视频直播系列(一):nginx服务器搭建

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本文讲解了nginx流媒体服务器的搭建，nginx稳定，高效低消耗

nginx介绍

Nginx 是一个高性能的 Web 和反向代理服务器, 它具有有很多非常优越的特性:

作为 Web 服务器：相比 Apache，Nginx 使用更少的资源，支持更多的并发连接，体现更高的效率，这点使 Nginx 尤其受到虚拟主机提供商的欢迎。能够支持高达 50,000 个并发连接数的响应，感谢 Nginx 为我们选择了 epoll and kqueue 作为开发模型.

作为负载均衡服务器：Nginx 既可以在内部直接支持 Rails 和 PHP，也可以支持作为 HTTP代理服务器 对外进行服务。Nginx 用 C 编写, 不论是系统资源开销还是 CPU 使用效率都比 Perlbal 要好的多。

作为邮件代理服务器: Nginx 同时也是一个非常优秀的邮件代理服务器（最早开发这个产品的目的之一也是作为邮件代理服务器），Last.fm 描述了成功并且美妙的使用经验。

Nginx 安装非常的简单，配置文件 非常简洁（还能够支持perl语法），Bugs非常少的服务器: Nginx 启动特别容易，并且几乎可以做到7*24不间断运行，即使运行数个月也不需要重新启动。你还能够在 不间断服务的情况下进行软件版本的升级。

以上内容来源于nginx中文网：nginx中文站

直播的架构设计图示

nginx搭建步骤

  1. 安装编译依赖

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    sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev libpcre3 libssl-dev build-essential

  2. 创建nginx工作目录，切换至工作目录

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    mkdir -p /usr/temp/nginx
    cd /usr/temp/nginx

  3. 使用wget下载nginx和nginx-rtmp源码
    Nginx官网提供了三个类型的版本
    Mainline version：Mainline是Nginx目前主力在做的版本，可以说是开发版
    Stable version：最新稳定版，生产环境上建议使用的版本
    Legacy versions：遗留的老版本的稳定版
    具体可以在官网查看：nginx官网
    我这里选择最新的稳定版1.13.12

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    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.12.tar.gz
    wget https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/archive/master.zip

  4. 解压nginx和nginx-rtmp安装包

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    tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.12.tar.gz
    unzip master.zip

如果提示没有unzip，那么安装unzip

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sudo apt-get install unzip

  1. 进入到nginx解压后的目录

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    cd nginx-1.13.12

  2. 添加nginx-rtmp模板编译到nginx

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    ./configure --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module-master

--add-module后面是指定模块的路径
configure后面的参数可以自定义，常用自定义路劲如下

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--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx \ #指定执行文件安装目录
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \ #指定配置文件目录
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \ #指定pid位置

比如同时要指定以上三个目录，同时添加模块，那么使用以下命令

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./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx \
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module-master

我这是使用默认目录，其默认位置是/usr/local/nginx
可以使用whereis nginx查看

  1. 编译安装 
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    make
    sudo make install

还可以设置软连接

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sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx

那么就可以直接使用nginx启动了

  1. 添加服务启动
    那么需要手动添加启动服务
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    vim /etc/init.d/nginx

然后添加如下启动配置
配置见附录配置
修改执行权限，注册服务

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chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
cd /etc/init.d/
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults

  1. 启动和停止nginx服务，生成配置文件(之后要对其进行修改)

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    sudo service nginx start
    sudo service nginx stop

  2. 确保80端口没被其他程序占用，查看端口占用情况

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    netstat -ano|grep 80

如果端口被占用，修改配置文件，使用其他端口

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/usr/local/nginx/conf
vim nginx.conf

可以看见以下参数

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server {
		listen       80;
		server_name  localhost;

将其监听端口改为其他数值
端口号范围为0~65535，在更改监听端口的时候，尽量不要再1024之前，尽量靠后
我这里设置为25560
然后保存，开启设置的端口

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sudo ufw allow 25560

查看端口是否开启，如果存在设置的端口，那么说明开启成功

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sudo ufw status

  1. 开启nginx查看是否可以访问
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    sudo service nginx start

输入IP地址和端口号，查看是否可以访问
出现如下图表示启动成功

  1. 安装FFmpeg
    上传FFmpeg，解压，检查配置
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    ./configure --disable-yasm

编译

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make

安装

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make install

安装完成以后其默认位置为：/usr/local/bin/ffmpeg

  1. 配置nginx-rtmp服务器
    打开nginx配置文件
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    /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

末尾添加rtmp配置

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rtmp {
    server {
            listen 2018;
            chunk_size 4096;

            application live {
                    live on;
                    record off;
                    exec ffmpeg -i rtmp://localhost/live/$name -threads 1 -c:v libx264 -profile:v baseline -b:v 350K -s 640x360 -f flv -c:a aac -ac 1 -strict -2 -b:a 56k rtmp://localhost/live360p/$name;
            }
            application live360p {
                    live on;
                    record off;
        }
    }
}

配置说明：x264视频编码，acc音频编码，flv视频格式

  1. 保存配置文件，重新启动nginx服务

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    sudo service nginx restart

  2. 如果使用了防火墙，允许端口 tcp 2018

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    iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 2018 -j ACCEPT
    iptables-save
    sudo netfilter-persistent save
    sudo netfilter-persistent reload

如果是阿里云，也可以在控制面板设定

  1. 网页端也可同时接收到视频流，这里放一个flash播放器即可
    将播放器复制到目录：/usr/local/nginx/html/
    然后在src一行修改播放地址：IP:port
    播放器下载地址==>密码：ydeq

至此，服务端搭建完成

配置

配置

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#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: nginx init.d dash script for Ubuntu or other *nix.
# Description:       nginx init.d dash script for Ubuntu or other *nix.
### END INIT INFO
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# nginx - this Debian Almquist shell (dash) script, starts and stops the nginx
#         daemon for Ubuntu and other *nix releases.
#
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server.  This \
#               script will manage the initiation of the \
#               server and it's process state.
#
# processname: nginx
# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile:     /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Provides:    nginx
#
# Author:  Jason Giedymin
#          <jason.giedymin AT gmail.com>.
#
# Version: 3.9.0 12-MAY-2015 jason.giedymin AT gmail.com
# Notes: nginx init.d dash script for Ubuntu.
# Tested with: Ubuntu 14.10, nginx-1.7.9
#
# This script's project home is:
#   http://github.com/JasonGiedymin/nginx-init-ubuntu
#
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               MIT X11 License
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Copyright (c) 2008-2013 Jason Giedymin, http://jasongiedymin.com
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
# the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSB_FUNC=/lib/lsb/init-functions

# Test that init functions exists
test -r $LSB_FUNC || {
    echo "$0: Cannot find $LSB_FUNC! Script exiting." 1>&2
    exit 5
}

. $LSB_FUNC

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Consts
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ]; then
    . /etc/default/nginx
fi

# Minimize path
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

PS=${PS:-"nginx"}                             # process name
DESCRIPTION=${DESCRIPTION:-"Nginx Server..."} # process description
NGINXPATH=${NGINXPATH:-/usr/local/nginx}      # root path where installed
DAEMON=${DAEMON:-$NGINXPATH/sbin/nginx}       # path to daemon binary
NGINX_CONF_FILE=${NGINX_CONF_FILE:-$NGINXPATH/conf/nginx.conf} # config file path

PIDNAME=${PIDNAME:-"nginx"}                   # lets you do $PS-slave
PIDFILE=${PIDFILE:-$PIDNAME.pid}              # pid file
PIDSPATH=${PIDSPATH:-$NGINXPATH/logs}         # default pid location, you should change it
RUNAS=${RUNAS:-root}                          # user to run as

SCRIPT_OK=0           # ala error codes
SCRIPT_ERROR=1        # ala error codes
TRUE=1                # boolean
FALSE=0               # boolean

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Simple Tests
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Test if nginx is a file and executable
test -x $DAEMON || {
    echo "$0: You don't have permissions to execute nginx." 1>&2
    exit 4
}

# You can also set your conditions like so:
# set exit condition
# set -e

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

setFilePerms(){
    if [ -f $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ]; then
        chmod 400 $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
    fi
}

configtest() {
    $DAEMON -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

getPSCount() {
    return `pgrep -f $PS | wc -l`
}

isRunning() {
    if [ $1 ]; then
        pidof_daemon $1
        PID=$?

        if [ $PID -gt 0 ]; then
            return 1
        else
            return 0
        fi
    else
        pidof_daemon
        PID=$?

        if [ $PID -gt 0 ]; then
            return 1
        else
            return 0
        fi
    fi
}

#courtesy of php-fpm
wait_for_pid () {
    try=0

    while test $try -lt 35 ; do
        case "$1" in
            'created')
            if [ -f "$2" ]; then
                try=''
                break
            fi
            ;;

            'removed')
            if [ ! -f "$2" ]; then
                try=''
                break
            fi
            ;;
        esac

        try=`expr $try + 1`
        sleep 1
    done
}

status(){
    isRunning
    isAlive=$?

    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        log_warning_msg "$DESCRIPTION found running with processes:  `pidof $PS`"
        rc=0
    else
        log_warning_msg "$DESCRIPTION is NOT running."
        rc=3
    fi

    return
}

removePIDFile(){
    if [ $1 ]; then
        if [ -f $1 ]; then
            rm -f $1
        fi
    else
        #Do default removal
        if [ -f $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ]; then
            rm -f $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
        fi
    fi
}

start() {
    log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESCRIPTION"

    isRunning
    isAlive=$?

    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=0
    else
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --chuid \
        $RUNAS --pidfile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON \
        -- -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
        status=$?
        setFilePerms

        if [ "${status}" -eq 0 ]; then
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        else
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
            rc=7
        fi
    fi

    return
}

stop() {
    log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESCRIPTION"

    isRunning
    isAlive=$?

    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE

        wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE

        if [ -n "$try" ]; then
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
            rc=0 # lsb states 1, but under status it is 2 (which is more prescriptive). Deferring to standard.
        else
            removePIDFile
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        fi
    else
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=7
    fi

    return
}

reload() {
    configtest || return $?

    log_daemon_msg "Reloading (via HUP) $DESCRIPTION"

    isRunning

    if [ $? -eq $TRUE ]; then
        kill -HUP `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
        rc=0
    else
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=7
    fi

    return
}

quietupgrade() {
    log_daemon_msg "Peforming Quiet Upgrade $DESCRIPTION"

    isRunning
    isAlive=$?

    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        kill -USR2 `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
        kill -WINCH `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`

        isRunning
        isAlive=$?

        if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
            kill -QUIT `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`
            wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin
            removePIDFile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin

            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        else
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR

            log_daemon_msg "ERROR! Reverting back to original $DESCRIPTION"

            kill -HUP `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
            kill -TERM `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`
            kill -QUIT `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`

            wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin
            removePIDFile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin

            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        fi
    else
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=7
    fi

    return
}

terminate() {
    log_daemon_msg "Force terminating (via KILL) $DESCRIPTION"

    PIDS=`pidof $PS` || true

    [ -e $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ] && PIDS2=`cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`

    for i in $PIDS; do
        if [ "$i" = "$PIDS2" ]; then
            kill $i
            wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
            removePIDFile
        fi
    done

    log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
    rc=0
}

destroy() {
    log_daemon_msg "Force terminating and may include self (via KILLALL) $DESCRIPTION"
    killall $PS -q >> /dev/null 2>&1
    log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
    rc=0
}

pidof_daemon() {
    PIDS=`pidof $PS` || true

    [ -e $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ] && PIDS2=`cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`

    for i in $PIDS; do
        if [ "$i" = "$PIDS2" ]; then
            return 1
        fi
    done

    return 0
}

action="$1"
case "$1" in
    start)
        start
        ;;
    stop)
        stop
        ;;
    restart|force-reload)
        stop
        # if [ $rc -ne 0 ]; then
        #     script_exit
        # fi
        sleep 1
        start
        ;;
    reload)
        $1
        ;;
    status)
        status
        ;;
    configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    quietupgrade)
        $1
        ;;
    terminate)
        $1
        ;;
    destroy)
        $1
        ;;
    *)
        FULLPATH=/etc/init.d/$PS
        echo "Usage: $FULLPATH {start|stop|restart|force-reload|reload|status|configtest|quietupgrade|terminate|destroy}"
        echo "       The 'destroy' command should only be used as a last resort."
        exit 3
        ;;
esac

exit $rc

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